In MR arthrography, a small amount of contrast (gadolinium) is injected directly into the joint of interest (e.g. hip, shoulder, knee). This allows for detailed evaluation of structures that are difficult to see by conventional MRI examination. Structures particularly well evaluated by this technique include the joint capsule, ligaments, tendons and labrum.
Using imaging guidance with either conventional real-time X-ray (fluoroscopy) or CT, injection of medication (often a combination of anesthetic for pain relief and steroid as anti-inflammatory) can be performed for both diagnosis and treatment.